Command to add a new user:
A) useradd
B) adduser
C) createuser
D) mkuser
Answer: A

Command to set or change a user password:
A) passwd username
B) chpass username
C) usermod -p username
D) password username
Answer: A

Command to delete a user:
A) userdel username
B) deluser username
C) removeuser username
D) rmuser username
Answer: A

To create a new group:
A) groupadd
B) newgroup
C) mkgroup
D) addgrp
Answer: A

To change a user’s primary group:
A) usermod -g groupname username
B) chgrp -p groupname username
C) groupmod username
D) newgrp username
Answer: A

To add an existing user to a group:
A) usermod -aG groupname username
B) groupadd -u username groupname
C) chgroup username groupname
D) adduser -g groupname username
Answer: A

To see all logged-in users:
A) who
B) users
C) w
D) All of the above
Answer: D

To see login history:
A) last
B) history
C) who -a
D) logshow
Answer: A

To switch to another user:
A) su username
B) switch username
C) login username
D) sudo username
Answer: A

To execute a command as root:
A) sudo command
B) runas root command
C) exec root command
D) superuser command
Answer: A

The default shell in most Linux distributions is:
A) bash
B) sh
C) csh
D) zsh
Answer: A

To check the current shell:
A) echo $SHELL
B) show shell
C) get shell
D) ps shell
Answer: A

To make a script executable:
A) chmod +x script.sh
B) exec script.sh
C) run script.sh
D) make script.sh
Answer: A

To run a shell script:
A) ./script.sh
B) run script.sh
C) bash -x script.sh
D) All of the above
Answer: D

A shell variable is created by:
A) var=value
B) set var=value
C) define var value
D) var := value
Answer: A

To display a variable:
A) echo $var
B) print $var
C) show var
D) cat var
Answer: A

To make a variable available to subshells:
A) export var
B) share var
C) global var
D) declare var
Answer: A

To take user input in shell:
A) read variable
B) input variable
C) scanf variable
D) echo variable
Answer: A

In shell scripting, $0 represents:
A) Script name
B) First argument
C) Last argument
D) Return value
Answer: A

To check the exit status of the last command:
A) echo $?
B) status
C) lastcmd
D) ret
Answer: A

Debian-based systems use which package manager?
A) apt
B) yum
C) dnf
D) zypper
Answer: A

Red Hat-based systems use:
A) yum
B) apt
C) dpkg
D) snap
Answer: A

Command to install a package in Ubuntu:
A) sudo apt install pkgname
B) sudo yum install pkgname
C) install pkgname
D) dpkg pkgname
Answer: A

To remove a package in Ubuntu:
A) sudo apt remove pkgname
B) yum remove pkgname
C) dpkg -d pkgname
D) apt uninstall pkgname
Answer: A

Command to update all packages:
A) sudo apt upgrade
B) sudo apt update
C) sudo yum update
D) apt-get refresh
Answer: A

To list all installed packages:
A) dpkg -l
B) apt list
C) yum list installed
D) All of the above
Answer: D

Command to install a .rpm package:
A) rpm -ivh file.rpm
B) dpkg -i file.rpm
C) apt install file.rpm
D) pkgadd file.rpm
Answer: A

To remove a .rpm package:
A) rpm -e pkgname
B) yum remove pkgname
C) dpkg -r pkgname
D) apt delete pkgname
Answer: A

To check dependencies of an rpm package:
A) rpm -qpR file.rpm
B) rpm -d file.rpm
C) yum info file.rpm
D) depcheck file.rpm
Answer: A

To check a package version:
A) rpm -q pkgname
B) apt info pkgname
C) dpkg -s pkgname
D) All of the above
Answer: D

Command to check disk space usage:
A) df -h
B) du -h
C) lsblk
D) fdisk -l
Answer: A

Command to check directory size:
A) du -sh directory
B) df -d directory
C) ls -s directory
D) size directory
Answer: A

To list partitions:
A) fdisk -l
B) lsblk
C) blkid
D) All of the above
Answer: D

To mount a device:
A) mount /dev/sdX /mnt
B) attach /dev/sdX
C) plug /dev/sdX
D) start /dev/sdX
Answer: A

To unmount a device:
A) umount /mnt
B) unmount /mnt
C) remove /mnt
D) eject /mnt
Answer: A

To format a partition as ext4:
A) mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX
B) format ext4 /dev/sdX
C) mke2fs /dev/sdX
D) partformat /dev/sdX
Answer: A

To display file system type:
A) df -T
B) fsinfo
C) listfs
D) showfs
Answer: A

To repair a Linux file system:
A) fsck /dev/sdX
B) repair /dev/sdX
C) fixfs /dev/sdX
D) chkfs /dev/sdX
Answer: A

The swap space is used for:
A) Virtual memory
B) Disk caching
C) Boot files
D) Temporary logs
Answer: A

To check swap usage:
A) swapon -s
B) swapinfo
C) showmem
D) swapstat
Answer: A

System log files are stored in:
A) /var/log
B) /usr/logs
C) /log
D) /etc/logs
Answer: A

To view system logs:
A) tail -f /var/log/syslog
B) view /var/log/messages
C) cat /var/log/kern.log
D) All of the above
Answer: D

Command to check CPU usage:
A) top
B) htop
C) mpstat
D) All of the above
Answer: D

To display disk I/O statistics:
A) iostat
B) vmstat
C) top -d
D) netstat -i
Answer: A

To check current date and time:
A) date
B) time
C) showtime
D) datetime
Answer: A

To display calendar:
A) cal
B) calendar
C) showcal
D) date -c
Answer: A

Command to schedule tasks:
A) cron
B) at
C) systemd timers
D) All of the above
Answer: D

Cron jobs are stored in:
A) /etc/crontab
B) /var/cron
C) /usr/schedule
D) /root/cron
Answer: A

To list user’s cron jobs:
A) crontab -l
B) cron -show
C) showcron
D) listcron
Answer: A

To edit cron jobs:
A) crontab -e
B) cron -edit
C) vi /etc/cron
D) editcron
Answer: A